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"c"
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Protection by constructional safety according to EN 13463-5
This standard establishes manufacturing requirements which have been proven
safe, in order to avoid any inflammation sources such as friction or heating
sparks. It applies to apparatus where movement and friction can occur
(clutches, brakes, bearings, springs...).
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"d"
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Flameproof enclosure
Refers to an electrical apparatus whose explosive parts are enclosed in an
explosion proof casing. This casing will resist the pressure generated by the
internal explosion of an explosive mixture and will prevent the explosion from
penetrating to the ambient explosive atmosphere.
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"e"
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Increased safety
Refers to an electrical apparatus with a high safety coefficient. Such an
apparatus is free from excessively high temperatures and, like under normal
service conditions, cannot develop inside and outside electric arcs and sparks.
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"i"
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"ia"
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Intrinsically safety
Refers to a circuit in which neither sparks nor temperature can ignite an
explosive atmosphere, if generated under the service conditions specified by
the standard regulations (normal and faulty operating conditions).
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"m"
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Encapsulation
Refers to a special casing in which the parts, of an electrical apparatus which
could ignite an explosive atmosphere by either sparking or heating, are
encapsulated in a compound in such a way that this explosive atmosphere cannot
be ignited.
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"n"
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Method of protection for electrical equipment designed so that it will not
ignite the surrounding explosive atmosphere in normal operation and under
certain fault conditions specified in the standard. There are 5 categories of
equipment: nA (non-sparking), nC (hermetically sealed), nR (restricted
breathing), nL (limited energy), and nP (simplified pressuration).
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"o"
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Immersion
Refers to electrical apparatus immersed in oil.
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"p"
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Pressurised enclosure
Pressurization is maintained against atmosphere by means of a neutral
inert gas.
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"q"
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Refers to a casing containing powder filling.
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